The Fixed Bridge
A fixed bridge offers a very esthetic and natural replacement for missing teeth. It improves appearance, self confidence and helps eliminate future dental problems.
Every tooth has three to four companion teeth which are neighboring teeth along with one or two biting partners located in the opposite arch in the mouth.
When a tooth is lost it no longer functions as a companion tooth or biting partner, leaving a void spot in the mouth. The remaining teeth no longer receive the stability supported by this lost tooth. Without the support of the lost tooth, shifting will occur. Abnormally exposed areas are prone to decay and periodontal disease. Statistics tell us when a tooth is lost, its companion tooth will be lost next. The next tooth will be subjected to the same problems and it creates a domino effect.
Immediately after tooth loss
This can happen if the missing tooth is not replaced.
- The opposing tooth will slip down.
- The unprotected ridge is subject to trauma.
- The neighboring teeth tilt and proper functional balance is destroyed.
- The drifting teeth create food impact areas where decay starts.
- Periodontal Disease (Gum Disease) can start.
- Destruction of the bone will result as teeth drift and tip.
Questions and Answers
The basic concept of a fixed bridge is best explained by the diagram shown at right which shows the pontic part of the bridge actually replacing a missing tooth. Abutment teeth are the teeth that attach to the bridge. They are companion teeth for the lost tooth.
The pontic (replacement tooth) now provides the much needed companion for the abutment teeth for stability. Abutment teeth are prepared in the same manner a tooth is prepared from a crown. Multiple unit bridges have several pontics attached together instead of just one pontic tooth.
If you are missing any teeth you may be a good candidate for a bridge. Fixed bridges can correct an altered bite, and maintain appearance by preventing the collapse of your facial features that can cause premature wrinkles and age lines.
For a traditional fixed bridge, the first appointment consists of the dentist reducing the adjacent abutment teeth that will act as anchors, impressions are made, from which a metal framework, including the pontic, is created. By the second appointment, the final bridge is fitted over the teeth.
The total treatment time is usually between two and four weeks, depending on the type of bridge.
If you do not control the buildup of food debris and plaque, the sticky film of bacteria formed from acids in foods, your teeth and gums can become infected, requiring further treatment and resulting in possible loss of bridge. Your dentist may also recommend using floss threaders that help remove bacteria from hard to reach spaces between the bridge and adjacent teeth and gums.
If you maintain optimal oral hygiene care, you can expect your fixed bridge to last as many as 10-15 years, or even longer.
